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Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Rahman Navazani
Abstract
In the field of linguistics, image schemas are cognitive structures that are formed from our sensory experiences and interactions with the world. These structures represent complex concepts in our minds as simple and understandable images. Johnson and Lakoff's view of image schemas is based on the understanding ...
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In the field of linguistics, image schemas are cognitive structures that are formed from our sensory experiences and interactions with the world. These structures represent complex concepts in our minds as simple and understandable images. Johnson and Lakoff's view of image schemas is based on the understanding of broad abstract and cognitive concepts based on human physical experiences. Letter 31 of Nahj al-Balagha is a letter from Imam Ali (AS) to his son Imam Hassan (AS). In addition to its rich ethical, social, and cognitive teachings, it has the characteristics of eloquence, fluency, and linguistic capacities. It is an example of image schemas, and the role of these schemas in the transmission of cognitive concepts is important.This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and aimed to investigate the types of image schemas and their role in understanding the concepts and teachings of Letter 31 of Nahj al-Balagha. The results of this study show that image schemas play an important role in transmitting the cognitive concepts of Letter 31 of Nahj al-Balagha. The high frequency of motion schemas emphasizes the importance of recognizing the origin, path, and destination for humans to achieve happiness. The majority of power schemas are of the stopping type, which indicates the importance of diagnosing the path. Volumetric schemas also emphasize the importance of recognizing the position of humans in different situations..
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mina habibi; Yahya Mirhoseini; zahra hashemi
Abstract
The wise sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) have long attracted the attention of both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, particularly Orientalists, and have served as a source of inspiration for numerous Western translations and academic inquiries. Among the early efforts to translate a selection of ...
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The wise sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) have long attracted the attention of both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, particularly Orientalists, and have served as a source of inspiration for numerous Western translations and academic inquiries. Among the early efforts to translate a selection of Imam Ali’s aphorisms into English is Sentences of Ali by Simon Ockley (1720 CE), published at the beginning of the eighteenth century. This work comprises 169 selected sayings attributed to Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), chosen primarily for their ethical, epistemological, and didactic dimensions.Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study provides a concise introduction to the author and his book, followed by a content-based examination of the selected sayings, identification of their probable sources, and an analysis of Ockley’s selection criteria. The findings indicate that over 85 percent of the sayings are ethical in nature and are primarily derived from the classical collection Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim, although a portion of the quotations lacks clear attribution. Furthermore, a cultural analysis of the work reveals that, in contrast to the prevailing Orientalist trend of the time, Ockley sought to portray a morally centered and universal image of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) to Western readers.
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Ghorban-Ali Ghorbanzadeh Savar; masoud fasih ramandi
Abstract
AbstractImam Ali(PBUH) whose name is associated with justice, has been prominent not only in Islamic and Shiite worlds, but also in history of mankind as a thinker and politician who is the gold standard of justice. Therefore, Ali(PBUH) is not only Leader of eloquence and oratory in field of theoretical ...
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AbstractImam Ali(PBUH) whose name is associated with justice, has been prominent not only in Islamic and Shiite worlds, but also in history of mankind as a thinker and politician who is the gold standard of justice. Therefore, Ali(PBUH) is not only Leader of eloquence and oratory in field of theoretical politics, but also as Imam of equality and justice in the field of practical politics, his character during his administration as a balance of justice can be used as a practical model of justice in different dimensions by political systems. Therefore, the purpose of present research was to outline justice in the practical course of his governance, and question of the present research was, what was position of justice during reign of Ali(PBUH)? The hypothesis of research in response to mentioned question is that justice plays a central role in the practical course of Imam's rule, just as the prominent aspect of Imam's theoretical course is justice. By examining above-mentioned hypothesis, findings of present research, using the library-documentary-descriptive-historical-analytical method, was that justice was the foundation of Alawite government during rule of his government, and he declared the philosophy of accepting leadership and government as the implementation of justice, and during his rule, he did not hesitate to make any effort to achieve justice in various political, social, economic and cultural fields. Therefore, it can be said that during his reign, Ali(PBUH) presented scale of justice as a real and practical touchstone of the scale of justice to measure level of justice of governments of all ages and eras.
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Morteza Alavian; Ahmad jahaninasab
Abstract
The “theory of the state” has always been considered as one of the most important topics of political thought. The main question is: With what theoretical basis can the nature of the state in Nahj al-Balagha be explained by relying on the concept of justice in the Islamic tradition in terms ...
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The “theory of the state” has always been considered as one of the most important topics of political thought. The main question is: With what theoretical basis can the nature of the state in Nahj al-Balagha be explained by relying on the concept of justice in the Islamic tradition in terms of its origin and specific function and its relationship with [Islamic] modernism? Therefore, the article is discussed with the hypothesis that in Islam and its classical texts, religion and the state have always had an organic connection with each other. The divine caliph of man as an intermediary agent on earth justifies the explanation of the nature of the state in the modern era in a special way and redefines the new specific functions of religion that must be realized by believers in the context of modernity. Such a view brings Islam closer to modernity with the reading mentioned in the article. The Alawi state has an organic concept with a maximum structure. The origin of the state is divine dignity and popular acceptance, which is manifested as a single entity in the system of governorship, and it also explains the totality of the relationships between its components, its specific function, and its structure. Justice, according to Ali (AS), has an inherent authenticity and value and is interpreted as public policy that organizes affairs. The article uses the descriptive-analytical method and the hermeneutic model of textualist stealth of Leo Strauss.
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fereshte saffari; Abbas Ganjali
Abstract
In this research, using an analytical-descriptive method, we have studied the deliberate silences of Imam Ali, which were influenced by political, social, cultural, and other factors. In social interactions between individuals, sometimes the lack of explicitness in expressing a topic by the speaker acts ...
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In this research, using an analytical-descriptive method, we have studied the deliberate silences of Imam Ali, which were influenced by political, social, cultural, and other factors. In social interactions between individuals, sometimes the lack of explicitness in expressing a topic by the speaker acts as a silence and as an unnatural sign in the discourse. Denis Corzon categorizes this type of silence into four branches: conversational silence, thematic or content silence, textual silence, and situational silence. Thematic silence refers to a silence where, for various reasons, a topic is concealed in speech, and this is often observed more frequently in political speeches. Another part of this silence has a linguistic aspect, which has led to a kind of brevity in speech and an emphasis on important matters. Ali, son of Abi Taleb, as a masterful orator and wise leader, has left certain topics unsaid in his sermons, letters, and wisdom literature. We have examined a limited number of these cases. The aim of this research is to investigate the Imam’s intentions in concealing topics or approximating his language to the language of the common people of his time.. The achievement of the present research is that their thematic silences have been expressed in the form of brevity, simile and metaphor, allegory, allusions, and Arabic symbols to address important issues while preserving the unity of the Islamic community And in some cases, harmony with common customs and language has been demonstrated.
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ali jalaeeyan; Seyyed Mahmoud Marviyan Hosseini; mohammad ali alipoor
Abstract
The narration "Indeed, the foundation of religion is the majority of the nation," a passage from Letter 53 of Nahj al-Balagha emphasizing the necessity of trust and reliance on the people in society, appears to conflict with the verse "And if you obey most of those upon the earth, they will mislead you ...
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The narration "Indeed, the foundation of religion is the majority of the nation," a passage from Letter 53 of Nahj al-Balagha emphasizing the necessity of trust and reliance on the people in society, appears to conflict with the verse "And if you obey most of those upon the earth, they will mislead you from the way of Allah" (Quran 6:116), which rejects obedience to the majority. Although various interpretations have explained the verse, they have not addressed its apparent contradiction with reliance on the people and obedience to the majority. This study aims to analyze this contradiction using a descriptive-analytical method. The article concludes that the narration "Indeed, the foundation of religion" pertains to social matters, highlighting the importance of popular participation in governance and resistance against enemies, enabling officials to utilize this capacity to achieve logical and religious goals supported by a devout and loyal populace. In contrast, the verse "And if you obey most of those upon the earth" relates to religious and doctrinal issues, warning against blind imitation of the majority—both disbelievers and unaware believers—and cautions officials not to forsake divine commandments or obey the people merely to please them.
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kholamreza khoshneyat
Abstract
Reason, as one of the most prominent divine gifts, plays a pivotal role in achieving psychological well-being. Reason provides the ability to distinguish between good and evil and guides humans to make informed and logical decisions. The Holy Quran and the narrations of the infallible Imams (AS), by ...
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Reason, as one of the most prominent divine gifts, plays a pivotal role in achieving psychological well-being. Reason provides the ability to distinguish between good and evil and guides humans to make informed and logical decisions. The Holy Quran and the narrations of the infallible Imams (AS), by repeatedly emphasizing the high status of reason, have pointed out the necessity of utilizing it in order to understand the truths more deeply and achieve correct knowledge. The present study, using the descriptive-analytical research method, examines the principles governing reason and its role in psychological well-being from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS). In this regard, after analyzing concepts such as "reason" and "psychological well-being", the fundamental principles governing reason, including thinking, science, experience, and exploration, have been examined. In the following, the key roles of reason in achieving psychological well-being, such as truth-seeking, guidance, discovering the unknown, moderation, creating friendship, and self-management, have been analyzed. The findings of the study show that reason, as the most central factor in creating satisfaction and psychological well-being, plays a significant role in achieving this through cognitive and ethical mechanisms. This study emphasizes the importance of reason as a strategic tool in guiding individual and social behaviors and attitudes to achieve sustainable psychological well-being.
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Hannaheh Akbari
Abstract
Understanding Imam Ali (AS)'s statesmanship solely through classical theories of Realism and Liberalism, which primarily focus on material interests and instrumental rationality, is insufficient. This article, utilizing Constructivist theory and Alexander Wendt's "social action" framework, aims to analyze ...
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Understanding Imam Ali (AS)'s statesmanship solely through classical theories of Realism and Liberalism, which primarily focus on material interests and instrumental rationality, is insufficient. This article, utilizing Constructivist theory and Alexander Wendt's "social action" framework, aims to analyze Imam Ali (AS)'s political agency within an identity-based, meaning-oriented, and normative paradigm. The main research question is: How can Alawi politics be explained within the conceptual framework of Constructivism? The central hypothesis is that Imam Ali (AS)'s political behavior stems from a religious identity, divine meanings, and internalized norms that align with Constructivist theory. Within this framework, the Imam's politics is not merely an instrument of power, but rather a manifestation of a divine mission rooted in justice, tolerance, and responsibility.Behavioral instances of Imam Ali (AS) in confronting the Kharijites, the Battle of Jamal, and the Battle of Siffin are analyzed in relation to the concepts of identity, norms, and meaning. These instances are also linked to theories such as security culture (Katzenstein) and normative learning (Adler). The findings indicate that Alawi politics possesses a distinct logic from Realist rationality, one that is based on ethics, dialogue, and spiritual legitimacy.
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Mina Jigareh; fatemeh Akbarizadeh; zahra Ahmadikhoo
Abstract
"Argumentation" in language, relying on the pragmatic feature of discourse known as integrated pragmatics, elucidates methods of influencing the recipient in rational persuasion by considering linguistic and contextual characteristics based on constructive dialogue. Grounded in Ducrot's perspective, ...
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"Argumentation" in language, relying on the pragmatic feature of discourse known as integrated pragmatics, elucidates methods of influencing the recipient in rational persuasion by considering linguistic and contextual characteristics based on constructive dialogue. Grounded in Ducrot's perspective, this theory views the fundamental feature of language in its communicative function and argumentative dimension, where discourse, through linguistic tools and the arrangement of reasons based on their effectiveness, seeks to bring about changes in the recipient's perspective. Drawing on the theory of "speech acts," this approach facilitates the examination of the argumentation process in discourse through linguistic structures, relationships, factors, and argumentative ladders. The present study, employing a descriptive-analytical method, analyzes Letter 27 of Nahj al-Balagha. The findings indicate that Imam Ali (peace be upon him), by considering the linguistic and situational context as well as the audience's presuppositions, has meticulously structured arguments in a step-by-step manner within the argumentative ladder of linguistic constructs. Accordingly, various logical rules (negation and contradiction) and argumentative relationships and factors (conjunctions and restrictive particles) have been employed to persuade the audience, tailored to the discourse context and the purpose of persuasion. Rhetorical devices such as intertextuality, repetition, antithesis, and metaphor also serve the argumentative function of the discourse.
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Mohammad Hadi JAHANDIDEH; Reza Hajian Hussain Abadi
Abstract
Children Didactic Literature is rooted in moral teachings of ancient literary texts and utilizes various tools such as picture books for prosperity of young generation and improving their behaviors. Maria Nikolajeva, the prominent Russian theorist, believes in dynamism of the relationship between iconic ...
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Children Didactic Literature is rooted in moral teachings of ancient literary texts and utilizes various tools such as picture books for prosperity of young generation and improving their behaviors. Maria Nikolajeva, the prominent Russian theorist, believes in dynamism of the relationship between iconic and conventional signs (pictures and words). She asserts that the interaction between these signs leads into new creations in the vast domain of Children Literature. This study aims at analyzing the interplay of pictures with text in Layeghi’s Nahj al-Balaghah for Children (2023) on the basis of Nikolajeva’s theory in order to determine the role of these signs in refelcting Alavi’s Ethics. In this essay, analysis of data is done through the method of descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS25 software. The frequencies as well as the percentages of moral teaching components and the relationship between text and pictures are determined through Chi-square results. The findings reveal that the component of “Insights” has the higher frequency as compared to the other moral aspects. As the relationship between pictures and texts is concerned, the “symmetrical” structure has the highest frequency as compared with “completion”, “expansion” and “contrastive” ones. To conclude, the selected text needs to get revised for creating dynamic relationships between text and pictures in the way of familiarizing the young generation with Alavi’s lifestyle.
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Fakhraddin Gohari; Khodabakhsh Asadollahi
Abstract
One of the most significant topics in textual analysis is the study of intertextual relationships, a concept first introduced by Julia Kristeva, which has gained considerable attention among scholars and writers since the early twentieth century. According to some theorists, every text is influenced ...
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One of the most significant topics in textual analysis is the study of intertextual relationships, a concept first introduced by Julia Kristeva, which has gained considerable attention among scholars and writers since the early twentieth century. According to some theorists, every text is influenced by other texts, which implies that the author or speaker must possess a certain level of familiarity and awareness of previous texts. Proverbs are no exception to this characteristic. Proverbs, as brief, clear, striking, and instructive expressions, reflect the culture, manners, and traditions of a people. They take shape according to the particular climatic, cultural, and religious conditions of a given community. These expressions are employed to enhance the impact of speech and to avoid unnecessary elaboration. Within this framework, proverbs occupy a special place in the folk literature of the Gil and Daylam regions. The present study seeks to examine the intertextual links between these regional proverbs and Nahj al-Balagha, arguing that some of the commonly used proverbs in Gil and Daylam have been influenced by the themes found in Nahj al-Balagha. This research adopts an observational and library-based method and follows an analytical approach. The shared themes between the proverbs and Nahj al-Balagha reveal the profound influence of this revered text in shaping the moral and social ideals of the people in this region. In the intertextual study of these proverbs, such influences are manifested at times through imitation, sometimes through the use of specific vocabulary and expressions, and in some cases via appropriation of themes, exegesis, and esoteric interpretation.
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nematallah safarifroshani; mohammad reza shahsanaiee; ahmad nezarati zadeh
Abstract
"Among the questions raised about the five-year rule of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) are its achievements. Some writers, such as Ibn Taymiyyah, have considered his caliphate as the beginning of internal division and discord among Muslims, claiming that—compared to the three preceding caliphs—it ...
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"Among the questions raised about the five-year rule of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) are its achievements. Some writers, such as Ibn Taymiyyah, have considered his caliphate as the beginning of internal division and discord among Muslims, claiming that—compared to the three preceding caliphs—it had no accomplishments. This descriptive-analytical study, based on library research, examines only one of the achievements of his rule: the enduring presence of Islam among Iranians.The findings of this research indicate that one of the reasons for Iranians' resentment toward the policies of the late Sassanid era and the distorted Zoroastrian religion was the discriminatory practices stemming from them. The continuation of the previous caliphs' policies, which upheld Arab racial superiority over non-Arabs (ʿAjam), led non-Arab peoples—especially Iranians—not only to withhold support for Islam but even to resist it.The policy introduced by the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), which rejected discrimination between Arabs and non-Arabs in Islam (both in speech and practice), led Iranians to perceive such discrimination not as inherent to Islam but as the personal views of certain caliphs, prompting them to oppose it. After Iranians gained influence over the caliphate and Iran emerged from Arab domination, they not only refrained from expelling Islam from Iran but actively and enthusiastically spread it."
