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Publications (270)

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A woman holding a microphone while speaking at an event
  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

This brochure compiles a selection of 10 thematic discussion papers that were drafted as input papers to the ILA workshops, complemented by two synthesis reports summarising the results from the workshops.

  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

This report, prepared by the European Social Policy Analysis Network (ESPAN), presents a comparative overview of the settings providing formal long‑term care (LTC) for older people in 38 European countries: the 27 EU Member States, nine (potential) candidate countries, as well as Iceland and Norway.

People of different sex and color working in different sectors
  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU.

Drawing showing people of different sex, age, color, standing or running.
  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

This working paper examines the dual nature of labour shortages: their impact on productivity growth and their role as a symptom of labour market frictions that lead to low-paid, low-quality jobs (e.g., carers, transport workers).

  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

This annual report presents updated insights into labour mobility developments in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries using data for 2023 and 2024.

  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

This note shows that clustered disadvantages across active ageing dimensions reveal that many older Europeans face overlapping challenges, and that the maximal position approach helps identify those most at risk and guide more effective, well-targeted ageing and wellbeing policies.