<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
   <head>
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
      <title>DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly: 2026</title>
      <style type="text/css">/* CSS for all DHQ media */

* { 
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
body {
    font-family: Arial, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: #000000;
    text-align: left;
    margin: 0;
}
/***************************************************
Main Content
***************************************************/
h1,
div#toc p,
div#titleIndex div,
div#authorIndex p,
div.author {
    text-align: left;
}
a.expandCollapse:link,
a.expandCollapse:visited,
a.expandCollapse:active,
a.expandCollapse:hover {
    text-decoration: none;  
}
div#pubInfo {
    font-size: smaller;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
}
#mainContent {
    text-align: justify;
    background-attachment: fixed; 
    background-repeat: no-repeat; 
    background-position: center center;
    /* Watermark ends. [CRB] */
}
#mainContent img {
    max-width: 700px;
    width: auto;
    /*max-width: 85%;
    width: expression(this.width &gt; 700 ? 700: true);*/ /* for IE6 fake max-width */
}
#mainContent ol li {
    display: list-item;
    vertical-align: top;
    position: relative;
    top: -.1em;
    max-width: 95%;
}
#mainContent ul li {
    vertical-align: top;
    position: relative;
    top: -.1em;
    max-width: 95%;
}
#mainContent ul,
#mainContent ol {
	margin-left: 3em;
}
#mainContent table {
    max-width: 95%;
}
.ptext {
    margin: 1em 0;
    max-width: 95%;
    line-height:1.5;
}
.lg {
    margin: 1em 0 1em 2em;
    max-width: 95%;
}
li .ptext {
	max-width:  100%;
	margin-top: .4em;
	margin-bottom: .4em;
}
ul.simple {
    list-style-type: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
ul.simple li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: .1em 0;
}
div.example blockquote.eg {
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 0;
}
/* use to dedent simple lists inside blockquotes */
blockquote ul.simple {
	text-indent: -3em;
}
blockquote ul.simple &gt; li {
	margin-left: 0;
}
blockquote.quotedlist ul li {
	margin-left: -2em;
}
blockquote.quotedlist ul.simple li {
	margin-left: 0;
}
div.l {
    padding-left: 1em;
    text-indent: -1em;
}

.indent-1 {text-indent:0em !important;}
.indent-2 {text-indent:1em !important;}
.indent-3 {text-indent:2em !important;}
.indent-4 {text-indent:3em !important;}
.indent-5 {text-indent:4em !important;}
.indent-6 {text-indent:5em !important;}

div.epigraph {
    padding-top: 2em;
    padding-bottom: 2em;
    margin-left: 2em;
    max-width: 95%;
}
div.counter {
    padding: .2em;
    margin: .2em 0;
    float: right;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    background-color: #eee;
    color: #333;
}
div#worksCited div.bibl {
    margin: 1em 0;
    padding-left: 2em;
    text-indent: -1.5em;
    width: 95%;
    text-align: left;
}

/* accommodate bibliographic lists outside the Works Cited */
div.div0 div.bibl {
    margin: 1em 0;
    padding-left: 2em;
    text-indent: -1.5em;
    width: 95%;
    text-align: left;
}


div.bibl div.bibl {
    display:inline;
    margin:0 !important;
    padding-left:0 !important;
    text-indent:0 !important;
    width:inherit !important;
}

div#worksCited h2, div#notes h2 {
    text-align: center;   
}
div#worksCited div.bibl span.ref {
    font-weight: bold;
}
/* added the rule below to accommodate bibls that are in a listBibl in an Appendix, to allow their labels to be bold */
div.div0 div.bibl span.ref {
    font-weight: bold;
}


a.ref {
     font-weight: normal;
}

/*
div.figure {
	margin-top:.5em;
	margin-right:auto;
	margin-bottom:.5em;
	margin-left:auto;
	text-align:center;
}

div.figure div.label {
width:80%;
margin-left:auto;
text-align:left;

}
*/
div.figure,
div.example,
div.table {
    margin: .5em 0 .5em 2em;
    color: #333333;
}
/* We need to include `#mainContent` here to override the `#mainContent img` rule above. */
#mainContent div.figure img {
    width: 100%;
    /*max-width: 100%;
    width: expression(this.width &gt; 700 ? 700: true);*/ /* for IE6 fake max-width */
}
pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;       /* IE tweak */
}
tt,
.monospace {
    font-family: courier, fixed, monospace;
}
tt {
    font-size: .9em;
}

div.label {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: smaller; 
    padding: .5em 0;
    max-width:95%; 
}

div.caption, div.revisionNote {
		border: 1px solid black;
		font-size: smaller;
		margin:1em;
		width:75%;
		background-color:#d5dfe9;
		padding:1em;
}

div.caption div.label {
font-size:inherit;
display:inline;

}
p.quote,
p.speech,
p.ptr,
p.ref {
    margin-top: .3em;
    margin-bottom: .3em;
    max-width: 95%;
    line-height:1.5;
}
p.bio {
    margin-left: 1.3em;
    font-size: smaller;
}
td {
	padding: .2em;
}
dd {
    max-width: 90%;
}
tr.label,
td.label {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding: .2em;
}
tr {
    text-align: left;
}
div.endnote {
    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
    max-width: 95%;
    text-align: left;
}
a.noteRef, 
span.noteRef {
    vertical-align: super;
    font-size: smaller;
    text-decoration: none;
}
div.index_top {
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0em;
}
p.index_top,
p.index_item {
    margin: 0 0 0 2em;
}
p.index_bottom {
    margin: 0 0 1em 2em;
}
div.authors {
    margin: 0 0 1em 2em;
}
.subscript {
	vertical-align: sub;
	font-size: smaller;
}
.superscript {
	vertical-align: super;
	font-size: smaller;
}
.italic {
    font-style: italic;
}
.i {
    font-style: italic;
}
.bold {
    font-weight: bold;  
}
.b {
    font-weight: bold;  
}
.strikethrough {
    text-decoration: line-through;
}
.smcaps {
    font-variant: small-caps;    
}
.underlined {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
.u {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
.speaker {
    font-weight: bold;
    vertical-align: top;
    width: 80px;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;       /* IE tweak */
}
.stage {
    font-weight: normal;
}
.none {
    font-style: normal;
}
.off {
    color: gray;
}

.center {
display:block;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
text-align:center;
}

table {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-right: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-spacing: 0;
}

table td {
padding: 3px 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-left: 1px solid #dddddd;
}

table th, table tr.label td, table td.label {
padding: 3px 10px;
  background-color: #eee;
  border-top: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-left: 1px solid #dddddd;
}

#DHQtext form {	
  padding: 1em;
  margin: 1em;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

#DHQtext textarea { 
  padding: 1em;
  margin: 1em;
  border: 1px solid black;
  background-color: #eff2f4;
}

.license {margin-top:1em; font-size: .75em;}


/* CSS specific to the Author and Title indexes */

#mainContent .index-navbar ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75em 0;
  justify-content: center;
  list-style: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  padding: 0.25em 0.5em;
}

#mainContent .index-navbar ul li {
  border: thin solid #dddddd;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.125em 0.75em;
  position: unset;
}
</style>
      <style type="text/css" media="screen">/* CSS for DHQ screen */

body {
    font-size: .9em;
    /*background-image: url('/common/images/bar.png');
    background-repeat: repeat-y;*/
    min-width: 800px;
    width: 800px;
}
@media (min-width: 801px) {
  body {
    width: auto;
  }
}
a:visited {
    color: #333333;
    text-decoration: underline;
}
a:link {
    color: #6789a8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
    color: #6789a8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}
a:hover {
    color: #aa4d0f;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

div.counter a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

h1 {
    font-size: 1.4em;
}
h2 {
    font-size: 1.3em;
}
h3 {
    font-size: 1.1em;   
}
h4 {
    font-size: 1em;  
}
h5 {
    font-size: 1em;    
}
h6 {
    font-size: .9em;   
}

/***************************************************
Banner, Top Navigation
***************************************************/
#top {
    height: 87px;
    width: 800px;
}
@media (min-width: 801px) {
  #top {
    width: auto;
  }
}
#backgroundpic {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0px;
    top: 0px;
    height: 60px;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 800px;
    z-index: -1;
}
#banner {
    height: 85px;
}
#dhqlogo {
    margin-top: -2px;
    margin-left: -10px;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 2;
}
#dhqlogo img {
    height: 85px;
}
#longdhqlogo {
    margin-top: 3px;
    float: right;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}
#longdhqlogo img {
    height: 60px;
}
#topNavigation {
    margin-top: -23px;
    background-color: #acbac7;
    border-top: solid 1px black;
    border-bottom: solid 1px black;
    height: 28px;
    /*width: 100%;*/
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    width: 800px;
}
@media (min-width: 801px) {
  #topNavigation {
    width: auto;
  }
}
#topnavlinks {
    font-size: 1.3em;
    margin-left: 170px;
    margin-top: 3px;
	position: absolute;
}
#searchStuff {
    margin-top: 3px;
    float: right;
    margin-right: .5em;
}
a.topnav:visited {
    color: #000000;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 1px;
}
a.topnav:link {
    color: #000000;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 1px;
}
a.topnav:active {
    color: #000000;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 1px;
}
a.topnav:hover {
    background-color: #dddddd;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 1px;
}
#topnavlinks span {
    font-size: 0.75em;
    border-right: dashed 1px #000000;
	padding-left: 1em;
	padding-right: 1em;
	vertical-align: middle;
}
span#rightmost {
    border-right: none;
}

/***************************************************
Side Navigation, Side Content
***************************************************/
#leftsidebar {
    background-color: #e6edf5;
    border-right: thin solid black;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    float: left;
}
#leftsidebar img {
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-top: 0px;
}
#leftsidebar h3 {
    letter-spacing: 2px;
}
#leftsidebar ul {
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: .2em;
}
#leftsidebar li {
    /* common/images/bullet.gif */
    background-image: url('data:image/gif;base64,Qk1eBAAAAAAAADYEAAAoAAAABQAAAAUAAAABAAgAAAAAACgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAQAAmZmZADMzMwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBAQEBAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQEBAQEAAAA=');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: 0 .4em;
    padding-left: .8em;
    padding-bottom: .5em;
    color: #000000;
}
p.leftsidebar {
    text-align: right;
}
#leftsidenav {
    position: relative;
    margin-left: 7px;
    padding-left: 24px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    margin-top: 0px;
    background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
#leftsidenav span {
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: bold;
}
#leftsidenav ul {
    list-style-type: none;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: .2em;
}
#leftsidenav li {
    /* common/images/arrows.gif */
    background-image: url('data:image/gif;base64,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');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: .1em;
    padding-left: 1.3em;
    padding-bottom: .3em;
    color: #000000;
    padding-top: .3em;
}
#leftsideID {
    clear: both;
    padding: 10px;
    font-size: 1em;
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-left: 2em;
    margin-right: 1em;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #000000;
}
.leftsidecontent {
    clear: both;
    padding: 10px;
    font-size: 1em;
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-left: 2em;
    margin-right: 1em;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #000000;
}

/***************************************************
Main Content
***************************************************/
div.toolbar {
	font-size: .85em;
	color: #333333;
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #eeeeee;
	padding: .4em;
	border: 1px #cccccc solid;
}
div.dhqArticle {
    /*margin: 0 2em 2em 2em;*/
}
#mainContent {
    float: none;
    padding-top: 2em;
    padding-left: 4em;
    padding-right: 4em;
	margin-left: 225px;
}
#toc {
    text-align: left;
}
#editContent {
    float: left;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    width: 100%;
}
h1.volumeIssue {
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    color: #5c6a77;
    text-align: right;
}
#printSiteTitle {
    display: none;
}
.viewAbstract {
    font-size: .85em;
    color: #333333;
    margin-top: -10px;
}
#abstract,  div.revisionNote {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 4em;
  	width: 85%;
    background-color: #d5dfe9;
    font-size: .9em;
    padding: 1em 2em;
}
.abstract {
	border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    width: 85%;
    background-color: #d5dfe9;
    font-size: .8em;
    padding: 1em 2em;
}
#recommendations {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    width: 85%;
    background-color: #f7f7f7;
    font-size: .95em;
    padding: 1em 2em;
}
/* Using a darker blue for the recommendation links improves contrast */
#recommendations a:link {
    color: #005199;
}

input {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin-right:2px;
    margin-left:.5em;
    padding: 1.5px;
}

#DHQtext input {
    border: 1px solid black;
    padding: .25em;
}


.left {
    text-align: left;
}
.right {
    text-align: right;
}
.center {
    text-align: center;
}
.error {
    color: red;
}
.score {
    vertical-align: top;
    padding-left: 25px;
    padding-right: 10px;
}
.rank {
    vertical-align: top;
    padding-left: 25px;
    padding-right: 30px;
}
#search_hits {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    background-color: #d5dfe9;
    padding: 1em 2em;
    font-weight: bold;
}
#search_help,
#article_list {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}
#search_help caption {
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#search_help th {
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #d5dfe9;
}
#article_list th {
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #d5dfe9;
}
#search_help td, th {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    padding: 1em 2em;
}
#article_list td, th {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
}
#article_list td.author {
    border: none;
}
.hit_count {
    position: absolute;
    right: 100px;
}
table.search_results {
    margin-left: 30px;
}
.cluster {
    padding-left: 30px;
}

/***************************************************
 * SSearch
 * ************************************************/
div.ssDescFilters fieldset, div.ssDateFilters fieldset, div.ssNumFilters fieldset, div.ssBoolFilters fieldset, div.ssSearchInFilters fieldset  {
    border: 1px solid black !important;
}

button#ssDoSearch, button#ssDoSearch2, button#ssClear {
    padding: 2px !important;
    border: 1px solid black !important;
}

/***************************************************
Footer
***************************************************/
#footer {
    width: 100%;
    float: left;
    border-top: solid 1px;
    margin-top: 2em;
    padding: .5em 0.5em;
    font-size: .75em;
    color: #333333;
}
</style>
      <style type="text/css" media="print">/* CSS for DHQ print */

body {
    font-size: 9pt;
    margin: 0;
}
a {
    color: #000000;
    text-decoration: none;
}
h1 {
    font-size: 14pt;
}
h2 {
    font-size: 12pt;
}
h3 {
    font-size: 10pt;   
}
h4 {
    font-size: 9pt;  
}
h5 {
    font-size: 9pt;    
}
h6 {
    font-size: 9pt;   
}

/***************************************************
Banner, Top Navigation
***************************************************/
#top {
    display: none;
}

#topNavigation {
    display: none;
}

#topnavlinks {
    display: none;
}

#topnavsearch {
    display: none;
}	

#banner {
    display: none;
}

#dhqlogo {
    display: none;
}

#longdhqlogo {
    display: none;
}

/***************************************************
Side Navigation, Side Content
***************************************************/
#leftsidebar {
    display: none;
}
#leftsidenav {
    display: none;
}
#leftsideID	{
    display: none;
}
.leftsidecontent {
    display: none;
}

/***************************************************
Main Content
***************************************************/
div.toolbar {
    display: none;
}
#mainContent {
    float: none;
    padding: 5pt;
    margin-left: 1.5em;
    margin-right:1.5em;
}
#printSiteTitle {
    font-size: 16pt;
    font-weight: bold;
}
div.figure,
div.example,
div.table {
    page-break-inside: avoid;
}
p {
    max-width: 95%;
}
.viewAbstract {
    display: none;
}
#abstract {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 4em;
    font-size: 9pt;
    width: 80%;
    padding: 1em 1em 1em 3em;
}
p.label, div.counter, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
}
p.caption, p.ptr, p.ref  {
    page-break-before: avoid;
}

div.epigraph, div.example {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}

img {
max-height:5in;
}


/***************************************************
Footer
***************************************************/
#footer {
	display: none;
}

#comments {
display:none;
}

script {
display:none;
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%0A" 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ZNPamtHqQnVtLO5lAGpQe1i9erV+sdwpkE1A88Q2uBVX2LQCcca+wCTyi52+ObATQjzFiPbjJMlS5fS3n37PFGxWH5hmV0J53oMc/8lLJ2AP8IOsNYoxjdSuajD55oZvhDB62S5xbLly10hO2VWxalzq1+TCUfDjXrDKelgOnz9ep+JgN/CKSC1WdkBnGOF7s4dOzxRsRbSBq64pdMcOXrU9rWWoMsCDh9t5pyoIQjHbu5mmPR7ff114d6vzLRD7ZJ1biScKOMEiyRLlbS3dx0cxQjH1uAGT+1W4wSLHL0AmC6W2amrYX4lUzU85oBwLFHpeR0+02SY6JL2907EFi5Y/a0h3LkgTLMKGnZGOzXkZsIxVRrMTtmN1EWQ2D5fs+WYC+S0R+/IXsD2bdv8jpBhhLkWKpN1XFbTXP/oNNS2iWlSOZghxZKMo9dIMTGr67iyAUd1MkxyEECZKwnHyYLDlFOnrEv93ZDtKsU4SQ7CKvUgmDB0MiXFh8dd8FqmH+6ilicmaA07ba2cZBnE9FRx4DAG4ejc7QLZmT4wZEk4xISTiTqbSY4ZHYkHD8o8LRrOu0BOZognYkncHvGJfDaWXR1PuYlwnOYuChDmOkFo104SbVkyEoS9slPTMsnFGS6HFN/BhAlHwXTwOVltjW1QL10bAePVArdww7ThYdufdHmFS8Lx1cROUe6D6fxBpkYnkxbHfdN3uiWfrPlSTpzuuYlwrjmNHezvk5yUpH90S2ivj4Zz0uX5ZE+fPu1GkyrUMJ2GUYJwohzsWpHouze6WyrbfI8kX4c2E46CublPKQczBBb/jSs6itKypGEP7euQy/04kKFlG5GLlPtgajgFBNkgFswuDrnPHPUhnINMOH5hZgy6yTdaNENoi+Vk/3aT4mCqOy734UDDMRLIU9o6tKuU+3CDqeFERckk7TYHF32GyqfewwwfxzETTkYjjIPR5byvQ9FNhHPN6enyPYEs2s15yp3wiQOzm2wc/q8T7vThmKPc8WPHPFspwSQcn1kCu3BLdGxGhHPR5YSjaTfyYy4lHLPRIcLYbrY8aNgu1bLNUSTllHfnAFxHOJd8YzTcRDhmx9X3Z3IjLvtGouZWwjHV6kIO8gGjbi0bC7jFHDVZENPiodptxUuEY4ah53Wwd84F95pUqeloEK6Di0k7lPCZFndC1pb6dUvP9oljcnsbDAfhmHCS/Nmlle0p5IRk29mpYd/gQMNGYJ1LNZxU/R29up4qmISTJ5AO4FVVkeHetm03y59sf2LAc+mg56Nhs4aTTXDp6MJghL1r6BoOE04GAnKitWRxdTCDwWANJ2fJysm+RgyPqRFs0nuWcAKaRrZMoUe6UVZMON4yQZyQCDvcvUs4phv9soP8J5YMb24iHJNlIiMjueW4H6FOh8EIM+EEFJlr6cxuMvlMwrG7LocRVpij3IXz9ld3RAjt1aV+RPM98H5e1cRCouE4IRzLuqt8LpKV+S75mXC8AJNlTjtYbAtz2dKZ87itr+IdvWrWB5NwTD3WyepqS2d2k+1ihqs6iVxlhA1m+0MGSbt+nEj3ajh5dbeDV836YBKOucr2hIOEVW50GkektcAqhsnnJN0GI2ww2x/yA9mNzIW5nNeXcNxi1puqf5EiRRwFM+YWwjGXtDrJ0o89rDREua2ykS61cJEi3J3dj4u6hm3XrIdJX9B3/6r8Lvk95grU4sWKebZSgkk45/QRxi5KlS6tfyzvusouXpwKRkVxd3Y/fJzGdmeqYC5bNNiCLvk9ZmJwJ/mZcxPhnNdtaLsoExOj26dVItyhO16r7JIlbe/gyHCHhnP23Dk652CmypIS1y3qrKnWlC1blgknIxv6uAMfDvaStnToAi6Qk49J5SS/DyP8hIMMiEcdmPXlyvso1sVd8nuijZPKlSox4fiBWcN7du+2fVER0aGL+vpI3DAllCPs59xqUvnZzTVDlPY1Wdyi4Zj7pJcrV44Jxw/M1PfxCQm2lzdIG9p34zw32C+mY6lGzZrclT0AlTh+F84xJb7bwaBXzHdQCbvDTrkV5NahiL8pxk5jvzAdN9iU7ajNzbswLVm7Vi39qzIukNPN5snNN3Nv9g7WGic7du60fZFla2o3jDDm1C18nKzh+Me1wL+zZ+n48eO2L7z11lv1jxXDPLr47FFdMTaWu7F3kKIPenZRvXp1PTyjvGgD4TbrTRuvarVqFBMTw4TjBz5Jn/fs2WP7who1augf/xZmGV2bHShThipXrszd2Dswzfq4+HjbU+MVK1ak8r6O43BHesbqZOhlBI1wrDb0unXrbF9bu3ZtGe9i9HMxwoTTjq5mnDRp0oRK+PqXGO6GuUXltm3baP/+/bbN+iq+A0u4zfrmxknr1q2ZcDLAAuNk8+bNti+qVKkS1atXT/8qnGpFW+OkYcOGnC/FQxCDHlQauT89oo3j4+NtX9uyZUv9Y9h6uRhsYdvJSYtSpUpR4zvuYMKxNcJs3+4oL0nLFi30jx3CVNmIQKyEc8Te3HPPPdyLvYffjZM1a9bYvqhp06b6iuyqYQxAbWScNBPvVKZMGU9XRrCFaHrqdu3a5UjLad++vR5gV0nUdzi8tXcZJw0aNKC6dety9/Uedhknq1avtn1RnTp1qFGjRvpXt4VhwKugD7b/ePxxz1dGUAlHqLQIvknAORbPbdiwwfa1mH6+t21b/auuIa5sxD10Nj736tXLsyt0czlMx80ff/xBiYmJti6CH+cJ3w7eSdR/qNf2oc3nMwY8S39gwkkHC42TefPm2c5Lgs7dr18/PeUo1lU9GiKyQSDG06RykNx+++30gNC4GN6DGPROGpp2UlISLf71V9vXdu7cmapWrWp8LBrKQU+0QbCdGew3aOBAa3I6Jpx08Kdx8j9hQx84eNC+8SpUWmgWGtqJinhTqZrBqmiozr1JhZJj7dTwYcM46Za3Mc84+WnOHNsXIaJ38ODB+kRBNdE+BqoBKWiDHZ4hTk2HYe/evenee+/NERURdMIRIwwijpNwfvjwYZo5Y4aj6//93nvU5Ykn9K/A+gMV8ZRXjt2sVHBeUYqL0lyU4eKrHqTC2QsWLEjjxo2jO++8k7ust2E6jhctXkx7Hayr6tSxIw185x39Kwx2b4m2MkCUmqLkzwaSiRKlniiDcG/1DIlnn31W9oGcglBl1Jslygs4mTptGr3wwgvW3RnSBRzH6PTIAfLJJ5/omdtAPINUhe0Wh/WinFAFOU0xJaanecMDoZMWVOoxyi2kMvlZAafhyBEjrNOjDG+aVSdEG4FqXfbYsWM0/bvvqE+fPrav79+/v4wL6//223T69Gnja0TA91PtDwy2SZSTqv0hwhmBr1hAelUb3G9QgxnSnRRXbbA+3sv6TGRM6P/WW9S3b98cFYoRGaIKXy8qBQ7kyLVr19KCBQvovvvus309yOnD4cOpbZs2NPzDD2np0qXWrU4rqZJlxFaoQE8//TT17NmToqOjubfmHMwU5SWcfDF2LHXr1s1RqtgXX3xRarrDRTv8UZhlWIFu0XqyxcxH+lD4C1977TWqX79+jquEUE67/GCcvD90KF1ysFeVgVatWtG8uXNp7i+/0HPPPSeXGWQ1Nw3IrHy5cvRIhw40YcIEWr16Nb0tRrKMyGbmrFmOVh8zXKHlGBqIDACE1uwUIIDJkyfT4kWL6M0335TBqdmRjA3aE/yV7w8ZQsvEYPrVV19lSDboO5qmxRpOOlhCaTEFEQjAmjhxIj3zzDOObwL1skWLFrJA6Fu3bpXT7fsPHKCDKImJBLUZf9NTYsDDDwcwRjUsfkPB2ihULMwnbSlFhoDTe+TIkTRRkBPDc5hoaDmjP/6YOohBxrJuzxYQcY4yQAxMIK+169bR7oQESkxKokTRPg4dPizXD54/f96clcVMU1RUlHREI6NgWTHIYeV3terV5WJlDHp2t35B+wPZedGRHDLCESPMOWFWocKfwud3Bg6kZs2aZWkxGkYXjAx6gBZ8PIhoxigAs8uwfzHNDm0GxJMVm3jQoEFyIaol2TvDI1qOaAeYwIjBBMarvXvTj7NnB7zlCtpTzZo1ZdEBokH7Q1s0CAdtDv+P+B67/kt/2LFjB40aPZomfP01m1Q2Kny5OCTjPDk5mbo9/bSjBOt2YIwkIARoLRhRUGAbY2o7K2QDVRcFWlIUJ1L3KiYZJwsXLqS3BwzI9gcY2jTaHdqg0Q4x65kVsgGR9ejZU872ejUmJyKcFf7bb79R1yeftJ2cK5yYMXMmvfLqq/IcZMZ5jT2r5WwTh2nG548++ogGe2DaGZH63bt3pxUrVshB1W4Aba4nHFHhf4mDqQ/OnTuXHnzoIdqyZYtrhfTll1/KWQ1jZoLNKc+TDrIYrDI+vycIB+aVkx1iQwksx+jatStNmTrVNM+8iogwVThMq+m6ptPuvvvoa2GX2s19HArAAf3Ciy9S9x49pDproBgTTk4gnfGUFrsl8dlnn9FDDz/saEV5KACzr/0DD9Cs77/PEXKPCGOFz1WajtQNsc7lueefl9oOhBxOYKQbP368DPr773//e93fixUvzj02Z5DOGHFYanxGfFer1q3pX2+84ShDZTCA2Vf4a0A2TrIsMOFkrumMJC2NBYICoe00b9GCJkycSPtsZmnLDiQkJNDo0aOpcZMmsrLj4uL0Py8yTko6CAi0THU6lbepO0ONLmBzPVcBX/9SPpe0NVMQmKmxi0hf+eUNQhvEzOk3xmdosiNGjKA7mzaVPrv169fb3iY4q0Deb7T/Ll26ULO77pKDnhZZfz4nEE5kuF9AVDgWd2JtShtx7GR8v3LlSllKly5NTRo3liu27777bplvNjuctmhEJ06ckCPZ4sWLafX//kerVq3yl+wd02hwdJt2VFJysgwQzCh40bCzEROkK08OX/Oy/r7Lli2jCuXL643wOmAWZOPGjfpXe13S1sz8wgnx8ZnKz5AhYlo0pASpDS4W7Q/pALEavBK+wyzqmDFj6IsvvpCpIZCQq0Xz5lT/llvkvmmYccoKUIdof0eOHJHtDu0PDuGd/neXiFNtcKDXCSePm7zdotKxxqS5KA+l83dJQEhBWr1aNRm0hQC+QoUL040FCsipQkxX4/+M34UR65za6hXBgMjejy1Dtm/fTvFCg0GwVjoyADlME41xlXo29uZ4Nws/74K4V68AZDKIsrbH+ijx3C0uqFusIxiehVtcFb/j+RC8Z21FPKX9/R0hEbGxsVSrZk2qVauW3LKlMEIuVNszsgqALNGuZNtT7Q+m+rGjR2mXaHcgFiSlA7GdT38bYqzRmiR+d5zKODhWagmRkTR/3jwZx5YZNm3aRLeJwdoYfMS9BudqDccy0mBl+Y8oQr6Q5r16xSOQDx57lNV+srehTqzRmrgGxQGxYpHf9+KaDZb7HBD3RzKVFoGQDWnhAA4xSXWAQEhnkxvIRsnvmJDfT+L0/kDIhtKihEPxnphF7a9SoEDuVfW/Q2NFQUf2Zz5bk7Sh7WWkkfrBKWW+rxTXHqcchki3vpjy7ywXFYitVrFzQltr5fu5xrqo0y6QhvJnHMX1ZzO4/2TxPkvEaWNRqusmTwb+F+jISwJtPOK6XeKZ7yrND8+Exzo1kzrFM7e5hWy03zJL/Jbl2m/JbEoyT1bll4V3hXYxVO1LhiT+2J0RGczLZmQmOSQXA7spzXm9Uzw3iXIwIt3+gqICYLdD29igKh8EFK00nxjlW0HYZbFMCAmkckiNIIh2TlR+hZNqSxu773OAtCn9EMkA7/erKp6G+C1HQi2/bJB9vCo/izYI500J1fbKqnZ3YybtDz6YE0rTPaPaYbI6ov1dolyCSI81VlT+SVXi/JhUIKQIP+r4VSekwmBk0AbPKNLY66f9RWiare57SmXJeZBwbBLSFa5WRpjaHxNLJuBtCBgMBhMOg8FgwmEwGAwmHAaDwYTDYDAYTDgMBoMJh8FgMOEwGAwGEw6DwWDCYTAYDCYcBoPBhMNgMJhwGAwGIxuRx6sbajEYuU47iIh4SxyqZOEWi1JTU6ewhsNgMOwAaVYD3a0PaVuWsIbDYDCcaDlIMdtclBqUlqY1MyBRmJGmNZEJh8Fg5B7CZBEwGAwmHAaDwYTDYDAYTDgMBoMJh8FgMJhwGAwGEw6DwWDCYTAYDCYcBoPBhMNgMBjX4f8FGABM4qGt61Fs6QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==%0A" /></div>
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gLrAPKcQpTa+EZL8rpEySv/icUhWXz1q7MlCILINcgDbnblVc6TvL3qjpSMXrWXlXd5JN5rz3mCIIhcgeY5VE9Jee3atWvT5rcfGltj8Z9wUMKFqQpy7m6702EwwHdpHgRB5DqwG6v9P3exKJ2JUs1GR/JoFKpnELHjP6TY/+gZK99Xrlx5mk71DkEQRGNGJks1c7a6hiAIgvBHHlVAEARBkicIgiBI8gRBEERjwn8EGADj4fbTEO9QqAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==%0A" 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            <div id="printSiteTitle">DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly</div>
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               <h1>2026 20.2</h1>
               		
               		
               			
               <h2>Community, Activism, and Innovation in Latin American and Latinx Public Digital Humanities</h2>
               			
               <div class="cluster">
                  <h3>Editors: Sylvia Fernández Quintanilla, Clayton McCarl, Siobhan Meï, and Jonathan Michael
                     Square</h3>
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                  <h3>Front Matter</h3>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000856/000856.html" onclick="localStorage.setItem('pagelang', 'en');">Introduction to Community, Activism, and Innovation in Latin American and Latinx Public
                        Digital Humanities</a><br /><span class="monospace">[ht] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000856/000856.html" onclick="localStorage.setItem('pagelang', 'ht');">Entwodiksyon sou Kominote, Aktivis, ak Inovasyon nan Syans Imanitè Nimerik Piblik
                        an Amerik Latin ak Latino</a><br /><span class="monospace">[fr] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000856/000856.html" onclick="localStorage.setItem('pagelang', 'fr');">Introduction à La Communauté, l’Activisme et l’Innovation dans les Humanités Numériques
                        Publiques Latino-américaines et Latinx</a><br /><span class="monospace">[es] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000856/000856.html" onclick="localStorage.setItem('pagelang', 'es');">Introducción a la comunidad, el activism y la inovacción en las humanidades digitales
                        públicas latinoamericanas y latinx</a><br /><span class="monospace">[pt] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000856/000856.html" onclick="localStorage.setItem('pagelang', 'pt');">Introdução à Comunidade, ativismo e inovação nas humanidades digitais públicas latino-Americanas
                        e latinx</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Sylvia Fernández Quintanilla, University of Texas at San Antonio; Clayton McCarl,
                        University of North Florida; Siobhan Meï, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Jonathan
                        Michael Square, Parsons School of Design</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000856en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000856en')">[en]</a></span><span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000856ht"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000856ht')">[ht]</a></span><span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000856fr"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000856fr')">[fr]</a></span><span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000856es"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000856es')">[es]</a></span><span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000856pt"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000856pt')">[pt]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000856en">
                           This special issue proposes that the use of digital tools to achieve objectives that
                           are not fundamentally digital is a central and defining activity in the context of
                           Latin American and Latinx digital humanities. In many cases, those outcomes relate
                           to highlighting and correcting injustice, promoting solidarity, and altering the ways
                           we teach about Latin America and Latinx populations in the U.S. We do not argue that
                           all digital work related to Latin America and Latinx communities should be understood
                           as “public digital humanities” or “digital public humanities.” Instead, we suggest
                           that the commitment to advocacy and social justice that informs scholarship in these
                           areas frequently leads to the use of digital tools to achieve goals that focus not
                           on technology but on building connections beyond academic spaces and engaging with
                           real problems faced by actual people.
                           </span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000856ht">
                           Edisyon espesyal sa a pwopoze ke itilizasyon zouti nimerik pou reyalize objektif ki
                           pa nimerik nan baz yo, se yon aktivite santral e prensipal nan kontèks syans imanitè
                           nimerik nan Amerik Latin ak Latino. Nan plizyè ka, rezilta sa yo gen rapò ak mete
                           aksan sou korije enjistis, ankouraje solidarite, ak chanje fason nou anseye popilasyon
                           Amerik Latin ak Latino Ozetazini. Nou pa kont tout travay nimerik ki gen rapò avèk
                           Amerik Latin ak kominote Latino yo ke yo ta dwe pèsevwa yo tankou "syans imanitè nimerik
                           piblik" oswa "nimerik piblik syans imanitè." Okontrè, nou sijere ke angajman anvè
                           defans ak jistis sosyal ki enfòme rechèch nan domèn sa yo, souvan mennen nan itilizasyon
                           zouti nimerik pou atenn objektif ki pa konsantre sou teknoloji men sou bati koneksyon
                           pi lwen pase espas akademik yo epi angaje yo ak pwoblèm reyèl moun reyèl yo ap fè
                           fas.
                           </span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000856fr">
                           Ce numéro spécial défend l’idée que l’usage d’outils numériques au service d’objectifs
                           qui ne sont pas fondamentalement numériques constitue une activité centrale et définitoire
                           des humanités numériques latino‑américaines et Latinx. Dans de nombreux cas, ces résultats
                           consistent à mettre en lumière et à corriger des injustices, à promouvoir la solidarité
                           et à transformer la façon dont nous enseignons l’Amérique latine et les populations
                           Latinx aux États‑Unis. Nous ne soutenons pas que tous les travaux numériques liés
                           à l’Amérique latine et aux communautés Latinx relèvent des “humanités numériques publiques”
                           ou des “humanités publiques numériques”. Nous suggérons plutôt que l’engagement en
                           faveur de la défense des droits sociaux et de la justice sociale qui façonne la recherche
                           dans ces domaines conduit fréquemment à mobiliser des outils numériques pour atteindre
                           des objectifs axés non pas sur la technologie elle‑même, mais sur la création de liens
                           au‑delà des espaces académiques et sur la prise en compte de problèmes réels vécus
                           par des personnes.
                           </span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000856es">
                           Este número especial propone que el uso de herramientas digitales para alcanzar objetivos
                           que no son fundamentalmente digitales constituye una actividad central y definitoria
                           en el contexto de las humanidades digitales latinoamericanas y latinx. En muchos casos,
                           esos resultados se relacionan con visibilizar y corregir injusticias, promover la
                           solidaridad y transformar las formas en que enseñamos sobre América Latina y las poblaciones
                           latinx en Estados Unidos. No sostenemos que todo el trabajo digital relacionado con
                           América Latina y las comunidades latinx deba entenderse como “humanidades digitales
                           públicas” o “humanidades públicas digitales”. En cambio, sugerimos que el compromiso
                           con la defensa y la justicia social que informa la investigación en estas áreas conduce
                           con frecuencia al uso de herramientas digitales para alcanzar objetivos que no se
                           centran en la tecnología, sino en construir conexiones más allá de los espacios académicos
                           y en involucrarse con problemas reales que enfrentan personas reales.
                           
                           </span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000856pt">
                           Esta edição especial propõe que o uso de ferramentas digitais para alcançar objetivos
                           que não são fundamentalmente digitais é uma atividade central e definidora no contexto
                           das humanidades digitais latino-americanas e latinas. Em muitos casos, esses resultados
                           relacionam-se à divulgação e correção de injustiças, à promoção da solidariedade e
                           à alteração das formas como ensinamos sobre a América Latina e as populações latinas
                           nos EUA. Não defendemos que todo trabalho digital relacionado à América Latina e às
                           comunidades latinas deva ser entendido como “humanidades digitais públicas” ou “humanidades
                           públicas digitais.” Em vez disso, sugerimos que o compromisso com a defesa e a justiça
                           social que norteia a pesquisa nessas áreas frequentemente leva ao uso de ferramentas
                           digitais para alcançar objetivos que se concentram não na tecnologia, mas na construção
                           de conexões para além dos espaços acadêmicos e no engajamento com problemas reais
                           enfrentados por pessoas reais.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Introduction%20to%20Community,%20Activism,%20and%20Innovation%20in%20Latin%20American%20and%20Latinx%20Public%20Digital%20Humanities&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Fernández Quintanilla&amp;rft.aufirst=Sylvia&amp;rft.au=Sylvia%20Fernández Quintanilla&amp;rft.au=Clayton%20McCarl&amp;rft.au=Siobhan%20Meï&amp;rft.au=Jonathan Michael%20Square"> </span></div>
                  			</div>
               			
               <div class="cluster">
                  <h3>Articles</h3>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000830/000830.html">Digital Storytelling, Vulnerable Migrant Communities, and Undergraduate Education</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Robert McKee Irwin, University of California, Davis</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000830en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000830en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000830en">
                           Humanizing Deportation is a participatory audiovisual project that since early 2017
                           has documented and disseminated the repercussions of contemporary migration and border
                           control laws and policies on vulnerable migrants in the United States and Mexico.
                           Through on the ground collaborations with deported migrants and asylum seekers in
                           Tijuana and elsewhere, we have published over 500 digital stories (testimonial audiovisual
                           shorts) on our bilingual website. While fieldwork has been realized principally in
                           Tijuana and elsewhere in Mexico by faculty and graduate students, we have increasingly
                           developed strategies for incorporating undergraduate students at the University of
                           California, Davis, into our research team, by training them in our audiovisual production
                           techniques. This has allowed these students, many of whose families are affected directly
                           by such laws and policies, to become directly and meaningfully involved in helping
                           migrants communicate their experiences and concerns to the world. This article lays
                           out the methods we use in involving undergrads directly, albeit remotely, in our deeply
                           collaborative production processes, highlighting both the rewards and the risks in
                           this endeavor. For many of our students, their participation in Humanizing Deportation
                           constitutes one of the most meaningful experiences they obtain in college.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Digital%20Storytelling,%20Vulnerable%20Migrant%20Communities,%20and%20Undergraduate%20Education&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=McKee Irwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.au=Robert%20McKee Irwin"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000832/000832.html">Fostering Transborder Thinking at the Intersection of Digital-Public Humanities and
                        Border Epistemologies with United Fronteras</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Sylvia Fernández Quintanilla, University of Texas at San Antonio; Carolina E. Alonso,
                        Fort Lewis College; Maira E. Álvarez, University of Toronto; Laura Gonzales, University
                        of Florida</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000832en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000832en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000832en">
                           In this article, we delve into the intersection of digital and public humanities and
                           border epistemologies, offering pedagogical frameworks that leverage the analysis
                           and engagement of tools, practices, and ethical knowledge production to challenge
                           dominant narratives of the Mexico-U.S. border. The article presents and explores the
                           creation and impact of the online directory and memory project, <cite class="italic">United Fronteras</cite> (2020), which offers a framework for transborder thinking. The authors analyze diverse
                           projects and digital materials to reveal the complexities of border communities through
                           research, teaching, archives development, and/or lived experiences. Through this analysis,
                           the authors offer pedagogical models that can help continue expanding transborder
                           digital humanities work. This collaborative approach amplifies underrepresented voices,
                           thus challenging common misconceptions and advocating for a more inclusive understanding
                           of the Mexico-U.S. border. The article demonstrates the application of border epistemology
                           and <cite class="italic">United Fronteras</cite> within border communities and academic settings across multiple universities and
                           disciplines to foster the theory, praxis and pedagogy of transborder digital and public
                           humanities across different borderlands.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Fostering%20Transborder%20Thinking%20at%20the%20Intersection%20of%20Digital-Public%20Humanities%20and%20Border%20Epistemologies%20with%20United%20Fronteras&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Fernández Quintanilla&amp;rft.aufirst=Sylvia&amp;rft.au=Sylvia%20Fernández Quintanilla&amp;rft.au=Carolina E.%20Alonso&amp;rft.au=Maira E.%20Álvarez&amp;rft.au=Laura%20Gonzales"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000833/000833.html">Social Media as a Digital Humanities Platform? A conversation between Rendering Revolution
                        co-founders, Jonathan Michael Square and Siobhan Meï</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Siobhan Meï, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Jonathan Michael Square, Parsons
                        School of Design</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000833en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000833en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000833en">
                           This article offers an overview of the digital humanities methods and theories that
                           inform the project Rendering Revolution: Sartorial Approaches to Haitian History.
                           In this article, project co-founders Jonathan Square and Siobhan Meï engage in a conversation
                           about their collaborative model for doing public-facing scholarship at the intersections
                           of black and Caribbean digital humanities.  Specifically, Meï and Square critically
                           consider the role of social media in building and sustaining their project, which
                           uses the lens of fashion and material culture to trace the aesthetic, social, and
                           political reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Through the collaborative effort
                           of a team whose expertise lies in translation, visual culture, and cultural theory,
                           Rendering Revolution uses Instagram to connect the past and present in ways that are
                           visually compelling and exemplify the power of social media as a tool for scholarly
                           communication.
                           
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Social%20Media%20as%20a%20Digital%20Humanities%20Platform%3F%20A%20conversation%20between%20Rendering%20Revolution%20co-founders,%20Jonathan%20Michael%20Square%20and%20Siobhan%20Meï&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Meï&amp;rft.aufirst=Siobhan&amp;rft.au=Siobhan%20Meï&amp;rft.au=Jonathan Michael%20Square"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000834/000834.html">Voces y Caras: Community Building through the Collection of Stories</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Constanza López Baquero, University of North Florida</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000834en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000834en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000834en">
                           This article discusses the trajectory and impact of the digital oral history project
                           <cite class="italic">Voces y Caras: Latinx Communities of North Florida</cite>, which has played an important role in building community and advocating for the
                           Latinx populations at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville, Florida. My
                           paper argues that the project represents a model that can be adapted by others who
                           work with Heritage speakers and U.S. Hispanic/Latinx communities. To do so, it reviews
                           the history of the project, connects it to a larger movement related to Latinx oral
                           history in the U.S., and considers the ways the digital and non-digital components
                           complement each other and enable the project to have a vibrant life not only online
                           but also in physical spaces. Most importantly,  it reflects on the power of projects
                           focusing on digital oral history and building connections between people, as tools
                           to create learning experiences that motivate students and help them to engage with
                           their communities.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Voces%20y%20Caras%3A%20Community%20Building%20through%20the%20Collection%20of%20Stories&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=López Baquero&amp;rft.aufirst=Constanza&amp;rft.au=Constanza%20López Baquero"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000835/000835.html">Baobabs, Networks and Digital Sovereignty: Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous Community
                        Digital Territories as Communitarian DH</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Eduard Arriaga-Arango, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Language, Literature
                        and Culture, Clark University</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000835en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000835en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000835en">
                           Baobáxia is an initiative developed by the Afro-Brazilian network Rede Mocambos that
                           serves as a model of community digital organizing so they can propose data justice,
                           digital sovereignty and autonomy. Baobáxia is a technology that interconnects diverse
                           communities in Brazil (i.e, Quilombos, Indigenous communities and Favelas, among others),
                           and also creates a structure to store, curate and disseminate local knowledge, traditions,
                           histories and representations. This infrastructure demonstrates how non-expert communities
                           can use digital strategies to defend their territory, preserve their cultural production,
                           and affirm their human condition. Throughout this article I discuss how Baobáxia and
                           Rede Mocambos work, as well as a collaborative project to connect with other quilombos,
                           Black and Indigenous communities in the Americas. The collaborations described herein
                           are part of community digital humanities initiatives that go beyond the boundaries
                           of the university and the academia expanding their scope and contributing to a humanization
                           of technology.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Baobabs,%20Networks%20and%20Digital%20Sovereignty%3A%20Afro-Brazilian%20and%20Indigenous%20Community%20Digital%20Territories%20as%20Communitarian%20DH&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Arriaga-Arango&amp;rft.aufirst=Eduard&amp;rft.au=Eduard%20Arriaga-Arango"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000837/000837.html">Building on the Margins: <cite class="italic">Salt &amp; Aloes</cite></a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Lauren Baccus, Founder, Salt &amp; Aloes</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000837en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000837en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000837en">
                           This paper examines <cite class="italic">Salt &amp; Aloes</cite>, a digital humanities project founded in 2020 to explore and circulate Caribbean
                           material culture through alternative digital spaces. Originating from a creative inquiry
                           into a single colonial object, the planter’s chair, the project challenges the silences
                           and distortions embedded within colonial archives. <cite class="italic">Salt &amp; Aloes</cite> operates as a form of fugitivity, working beyond traditional academic institutions,
                           relying on limited resources, and sustained by vibrant networks of artists, scholars,
                           and community members. This work illustrates the potential of digital humanities tools
                           to reframe Caribbean histories in plural and emergent ways, while also confronting
                           systemic barriers such as colonial legacies, funding limitations, and institutional
                           gatekeeping. After a period of rapid growth, the project now pauses to reflect and
                           recalibrate, focusing on deepening meaningful connections and its own limited capacity.
                           Embracing the inherent messiness of creative work at the margins, <cite class="italic">Salt &amp; Aloes</cite> models a practice of digital marronage that negotiates space alongside institutions
                           without losing its autonomy. Ultimately, this project highlights the human and scholarly
                           possibilities of caring, daring, and decolonial approaches to knowledge production
                           in Caribbean digital scholarship.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Building%20on%20the%20Margins%3A%20Salt%20%26%20Aloes&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Baccus&amp;rft.aufirst=Lauren&amp;rft.au=Lauren%20Baccus"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000841/000841.html">Fanm Rebèl: Digital and Public Heritage Assemblages of Women in the Haitian Revolution</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Nicole Willson, University of Greenwich</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000841en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000841en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000841en">
                           This article critically reflects on the creation, scope and scholarly implications
                           of <cite class="italic">Fanm Rebèl</cite>, an engaged research and digital and public heritage project that reassembles the
                           occluded histories of women in the Haitian Revolution and the period of early Haitian
                           state-making. Centred on the recovery and reimagining of the manifold articulations
                           of women-led resistance, <cite class="italic">Fanm Rebèl</cite> explores how fragments of women’s lives dispersed across archives, embedded in oral
                           histories and reimagined through creative and expressive practice can be mobilised
                           to generate alternative genealogies of revolutionary memory. Drawing on Haitian ideas
                           of rasanblaj (re/-assembly), the project integrates a range of digital and material
                           “imprints” – from an open-access and bilingual online gallery and archive to commemorative
                           heritage plaques and a YouTube documentary – each constituting an exercise in communal
                           caretakership and decolonial praxis. 
                           
                           Through an examination of its collaborative, engaged and inter- and antidisciplinary
                           methodologies, the article interrogates how digital assemblages can resist archival
                           silences and model forms of radical stewardship. While it ponders the ethical and
                           emotional labour demanded by such work and the problems of ephemerality in creating
                           digital outputs in particular, it advocates for a “constellation” of assemblages that
                           have multiple afterlives across digital, material and community spaces. In tracing
                           the multiple trajectories of Fanm Rebèl, this article proposes an insurgent and resilient
                           framework for digital and public humanities practice undergirded by ethics of collaboration
                           and care.
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Fanm%20Rebèl%3A%20Digital%20and%20Public%20Heritage%20Assemblages%20of%20Women%20in%20the%20Haitian%20Revolution&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Willson&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicole&amp;rft.au=Nicole%20Willson"> </span></div>
                  				
                  <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000843/000843.html">Documenting the Movement for Mexican American Studies (MAS) in Texas Through Critical
                        Latinx Public Digital Humanities (DH) and Chicanx Feminisms</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Sylvia Mendoza Aviña, Assistant Professor of Mexican American Studies, University
                        of Texas, San Antonio</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                        <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000843en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000843en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000843en">
                           This essay introduces the MAS Muxeres Oral History Project, a digital storytelling
                           project that uses ArcGIS StoryMaps to share the oral histories and intimate archival
                           materials of the muxeres who build and sustain Mexican American Studies (MAS) programs
                           in Yanawana/San Antonio, Texas. The focus of this essay is twofold: 1) to introduce
                           the project, and 2) to explore the transformational possibilities of incorporating
                           critical Latinx public digital humanities (DH) approaches into MAS research. In this
                           current moment of anti-DEI, anti-critical race theory, and anti-LGBTQ+ legislation,
                           particularly within the state of Texas where this project is based, critical Latinx
                           public DH approaches provide the opportunity to engage in community-based and feminist
                           research within MAS that 1) centers women, their activism, and contributions; 2) visually
                           documents the larger movement for MAS and ethnic studies in Texas through the experiences
                           of muxeres; 3) fosters partnerships with the community to produce public research
                           that is accessible beyond the confines of academia; and 4) offers hands-on digital
                           training through the development of digital public research. In this essay, I explore
                           how incorporating critical Latinx public DH within MAS research helps to not only
                           address the intentional gaps in both U.S. and traditional Chicano history that erase
                           the contributions of women and queer/communities of color but also helps to address
                           contemporary issues in MAS and ethnic studies.
                           
                           </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Documenting%20the%20Movement%20for%20Mexican%20American%20Studies%20(MAS)%20in%20Texas%20Through%20Critical%20Latinx%20Public%20Digital%20Humanities%20(DH)%20and%20Chicanx%20Feminisms&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Mendoza Aviña&amp;rft.aufirst=Sylvia&amp;rft.au=Sylvia%20Mendoza Aviña"> </span></div>
                  			</div>
               		
               		
               		
               <h2>Articles</h2>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000853/000853.html">Mapping Public Housing in Literature</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Crystal Rudds, University of Utah; Theadora Soter, University of Utah, Marriott Library</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000853en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000853en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000853en">
                        GIS tools have the power to elevate overlooked locations while democratizing mapping
                        practices in the digital humanities. In this article, we discuss metadata and ethical
                        concerns related to an ArcGIS Storymap of 100 works of creative literature about public
                        housing, one of the most contested locations in the twentieth century. Given that
                        Black tenants have made up the largest and most stigmatized population in this geography,
                        Black Digital Humanities and Black Spatial Humanities help us think through the implications
                        of this work. We relied on mixed methods, from analyzing MARC records to interviewing
                        current and former residents, to expand our database into a participatory mapping
                        project that we hope contributes to the rich cultural history of public housing.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Mapping%20Public%20Housing%20in%20Literature&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-22&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Rudds&amp;rft.aufirst=Crystal&amp;rft.au=Crystal%20Rudds&amp;rft.au=Theadora%20Soter"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000859/000859.html">Good Women, Mediocre Men: Hierarchy in Narrative and Digital Prosopography</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Jennifer Buckley, University of Galway; Kandice Sharren, University of Saskatchewan</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000859en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000859en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000859en">
                        Creating a prosopography of people who engaged with the Georgian theatre requires
                        interrogating mixed media sources, including archival documents; print materials including
                        anecdotal magazine articles, playbills, and biographies; digital authority records
                        like those compiled by the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF); other databases;
                        and traditional scholarship about theatre history. Embedded within this ecosystem
                        of sources is a hierarchy of information which often privileges the cultural capital
                        that comes with celebrity and notoriety. In this article, we use the careers of the
                        actor Alexander Pope and his two wives, Elizabeth Younge and Maria Ann Campion, as
                        case studies to investigate how these hierarchies are inscribed and reinscribed first
                        in historical documents and subsequently in modern scholarship. In a period with five
                        prominent theatrical Popes, we argue for digital prosopography as a methodology that
                        can counter these hierarchies. When incorporated into a project like ‘Theatronomics:
                        The Business of Theatre, 1732-1809’, which links people to their earnings and their
                        box office power, digital prosopography enables us to illuminate the labour of individuals
                        that might otherwise be concealed by the mythos of celebrity, and the institution
                        of the theatre more generally.
                        
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Good%20Women,%20Mediocre%20Men%3A%20Hierarchy%20in%20Narrative%20and%20Digital%20Prosopography&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-29&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Buckley&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer&amp;rft.au=Jennifer%20Buckley&amp;rft.au=Kandice%20Sharren"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000861/000861.html">The (Im)possibility of Autonomous Feminist Infrastructures</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Cécile Chevalier, University of Sussex; Irene Fubara-Manuel, University of Sussex;
                     Sharon Webb, University of Sussex</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000861en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000861en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000861en">
                        Scaling-up, speeding-up, and powering-up of technology are all coterminous to the
                        hegemonic cycle of infrastructural development. These capitalist impulses shrink the
                        possibilities of building technology from critical perspectives. As such, this paper
                        explores the (im)possibility—the possibility and impossibility—of autonomous feminist
                        infrastructures. We focus specifically on feminist servers as a case study of these
                        infrastructures, critically reflecting on our experimentation to build a prototype
                        server. We contextualise this experiment with our work on Full Stack Feminism in Digital
                        Humanities (DH), drawing a line from feminist histories in computing to development
                        of feminist servers. Orienting our movement towards our own prototype server, we outline
                        our theoretical framework of queer phenomenology. We expand on queer and feminist
                        theorisation of infrastructure, outlining the relational role of infrastructure, in
                        bridging and walling out communities. From our historical context and theoretical
                        framing, we draw insights from experimentations. We outline the possibilities and
                        negotiations with existing infrastructures in building autonomous feminist servers.
                        Through our experimentation and reflections, we emphasise the need for a plurality
                        of infrastructures and an exploration of the socio-technical entanglements in which
                        such infrastructures exist.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The%20(Im)possibility%20of%20Autonomous%20Feminist%20Infrastructures&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-05&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Chevalier&amp;rft.aufirst=Cécile&amp;rft.au=Cécile%20Chevalier&amp;rft.au=Irene%20Fubara-Manuel&amp;rft.au=Sharon%20Webb"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000869/000869.html"> Visions in the Machine: Automated Tagging of
                     the William Blake Archive</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Grant Glass, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000869en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000869en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000869en">
                        
                        This paper investigates how multimodal AI can support — not replace — scholarly
                        description of William Blake’s visual art. Using the William Blake Archive as a
                        foundation, I develop a conceptual framework that distinguishes three levels of
                        visual analysis (pattern recognition, motif identification, and iconographic
                        interpretation) and use it to evaluate a working retrieval prototype built on
                        Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) embeddings and Facebook AI
                        Similarity Search (FAISS) indexing over a 200-work stratified corpus. The paper
                        defends three claims. First, that AI-assisted tagging is best understood as
                        retrieval support rather than automated interpretation: it surfaces candidate
                        matches that scholars then validate. Second, that performance degrades
                        predictably across the three tiers: strong at object-level detection, moderate
                        at motif-level pattern recognition, weak at Blake-specific iconography, and that
                        this gradient is itself a useful empirical finding for archives weighing
                        adoption. Third, that the responsible integration of AI tags into an existing
                        scholarly archive requires explicit provenance, confidence scoring,
                        human-in-the-loop validation, and audit logging, and that these requirements can
                        be operationalized concretely. The paper does not claim to automate iconographic
                        interpretation, to provide ground-truth identifications, or to generalize beyond
                        the 200-work pilot; results should be read as alignment with the Archive’s
                        descriptive practice on a stratified sample, not as validated interpretation.
                        The contribution is a conceptual framework, a tested prototype, and an
                        integration design that other archives confronting dense symbolic corpora can
                        adapt.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Visions%20in%20the%20Machine%3A%20Automated%20Tagging%20of%20the%20William%20Blake%20Archive&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-12&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Glass&amp;rft.aufirst=Grant&amp;rft.au=Grant%20Glass"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000867/000867.html">Pre-revolution network connections of the 1989
                     Polish Round Table participants</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Kelly Bodwin, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo; Gregory F.
                     Domber, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo; Riley Sanders,
                     California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000867en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000867en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000867en">
                        
                        Between the late 1940s and the collapse of Communism in 1989, the Polish United
                        Workers Party (PZPR) controlled nearly all facets of political and social life
                        in Poland. Communist rule was contested regularly, however, with a spontaneous
                        worker uprising in Pozńan in 1956, a national student uprising in 1968, worker
                        strikes in Gdańsk in 1970 and outside of Warsaw in 1976. These earlier uprisings
                        were precursors to the strikes along the Baltic Coast that led to the creation
                        of the independent, self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity” in August 1980.
                        Solidarity was forced into the underground by a declaration of martial law in
                        December 1981 but rebuilt itself as a broad-based social movement during the
                        1980s. When another round of strikes occurred in 1988, the Communist government
                        turned to Solidarity to find a political solution to Poland’s endemic
                        instability and the two groups joined Round Table meetings in early 1989. These
                        negotiations resulted in a peaceful transition to a Democratic government later
                        that year, the first revolution in a cascade of anti-Communist revolutions that
                        swept the region in 1989/1990. Using a dataset of the institutional affiliations
                        of the 567 Round Table participants, a purpose-built Shiny App for
                        longitudinally analyzing the dataset, and a penalized logistic model, this paper
                        shows that while the creation of the Solidarity Trade Union in August 1980 was
                        the most transformational moment for the network structure that linked Round
                        Table participants, events in 1968 were also highly predictive for whether an
                        individual would end up on the Government or Opposition side of the Round Table. 
                        Beyond its specific argument, this paper documents the process of converting
                        analog records in physical archives to fully digitized data science tools for
                        quantitative study of longitudinal social connections, with three primary
                        contributions: (1) we discuss and present a rich data package consisting of
                        activities and organizational affiliations of 567 Round Table participants from
                        1945 to 1989; (2) we provide an overview of a purpose-built Shiny App for
                        longitudinally analyzing the Round Table datasets, paying particular attention
                        to the challenges of structuring data and analysis to reflect real-world
                        conditions; (3) we fit and assess a penalized logistic model to provide insight
                        into which activities and organizations are predictive of particular
                        affiliations at the 1989 Round Table.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Pre-revolution%20network%20connections%20of%20the%201989%20Polish%20Round%20Table%20participants&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-19&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Bodwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Kelly&amp;rft.au=Kelly%20Bodwin&amp;rft.au=Gregory F.%20Domber&amp;rft.au=Riley%20Sanders"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000862/000862.html">Speculative Recommendation: Reframing AI for
                     Interpretive Practice in the Digital Humanities</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">River Rain, Amsterdam University College; Houda Lamqaddam, Institute of Logic, Language
                     and Computation, Department of Media Studies, University of Amsterdam</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000862en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000862en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000862en">
                        
                        This project investigates the potential of recommender systems as an generative
                        tool in humanities research using the case of aesthetic-driven recommender
                        system focused on animated films. Leveraging still frames from trailers and a
                        fine-tuned convolutional neural network (VGG16), we extracted aesthetic features
                        to develop a recommender system that uses visual characteristics as the sole
                        input. The system demonstrates high precision, identifying both expected and
                        surprising latent connections between films on the basis of visual similarities,
                        demonstrating how recommender systems can support the investigation of high
                        level concepts such as influence. This approach has broader implications within
                        DH, showing how recommender systems can facilitate exploratory, interpretive
                        research, how the stochasticity of AI models is well suited to support the
                        interpretative aspect of humanistic scholarship, and exploring the potential of
                        interdisciplinary cross-pollination in DH research. 
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Speculative%20Recommendation%3A%20Reframing%20AI%20for%20Interpretive%20Practice%20in%20the%20Digital%20Humanities&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-19&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Rain&amp;rft.aufirst=River&amp;rft.au=River%20Rain&amp;rft.au=Houda%20Lamqaddam"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000864/000864.html">Making Marx More Readable: A Minimal Computing
                     Approach to a Community-Driven Edition of <cite class="italic">Capital Vol. 1</cite>
                     </a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Steven Gotzler, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Avery Wiscomb, Virginia
                     Tech</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000864en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000864en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000864en">
                        
                        The following article presents MARXdown, a minimal digital reading edition of Karl
                        Marx’s <cite class="italic">Capital Vol. 1</cite>, as a retrospective case study in
                        applying minimal computing principles to create accessible, community-driven digital
                        humanities (DH) projects. Developed by graduate students at Carnegie Mellon
                        University in 2019–20, MARXdown demonstrates how framing minimal computing as
                        practical commitments can lower access barriers, demystify computing labor, and
                        facilitate knowledge sharing. The project leveraged lightweight, open-source tools
                        to
                        create a collaborative reading environment that addressed specific community needs.
                        This approach allowed for adaptability during the COVID-19 pandemic, transforming
                        MARXdown into a vital support for collaboratively reading Marx under lockdown. The
                        article argues that practical commitments to minimal computing can promote replicable
                        models for building digital reading editions, useful for distributing marginalized
                        or
                        banned texts in underserved communities. By unpacking some of MARXdown's development
                        process, this study offers insights into both the potential and limitations of
                        minimal computing in academic and community-driven contexts, contributing to
                        discussions about accessibility, sustainability, and ethics in DH. 
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Making%20Marx%20More%20Readable%3A%20A%20Minimal%20Computing%20Approach%20to%20a%20Community-Driven%20Edition%20of%20Capital%20Vol.%201&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-26&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Gotzler&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven&amp;rft.au=Steven%20Gotzler&amp;rft.au=Avery%20Wiscomb"> </span></div>
               		
               		
               		
               <h2>Case Studies</h2>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000870/000870.html">The Naxi Dongba MOOC: A Test Case for Digital
                     Revitalisation of Endangered Writing Systems</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Jue Wang Szilas, University of Geneva; PLIDAM, Inalco</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000870en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000870en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000870en">
                        
                        From 2019 to 2023, three universities – the National Institute of Oriental
                        Languages and Civilisations, the University of Geneva, and the Beijing Language
                        and Culture University – collaborated to produce a Massive Open Online Course
                        (MOOC) entitled <cite class="italic">Initiation to the Dongba Script</cite>.
                        The objective was to preserve and revitalise the Dongba script, an endangered
                        writing system used by the Naxi people in southwestern China. The course aimed
                        to engage learners around the world in learning the script and subsequently
                        contributing to the preservation of this unique cultural heritage. Hosted by the
                        French MOOC platform FUN, the MOOC ran for the first time from April to June
                        2023. Using a qualitatively led mixed research method integrating pre- and
                        post-course questionnaire data, forum discussions, informal feedback, and
                        fieldwork conducted in Lijiang in August 2023, this paper explores how
                        participants experienced the MOOC as a learning and cultural engagement
                        opportunity and which factors facilitated or constrained broader community
                        participation, particularly from the Naxi community itself. The findings show
                        that the MOOC successfully reached a highly educated, multilingual,
                        international audience with strong intrinsic motivation. It achieved a
                        completion rate more than double the global MOOC average, generating sustained
                        post-course engagement across academic, creative and professional domains. The
                        analysis reveals that, for many participants, the course functioned as a
                        cultural threshold experience, repositioning the script from that of an unknown
                        object to a personally meaningful one. Some learners went on to pursue academic
                        research, creative applications, or further study of the Naxi language,
                        suggesting the potential for longer-term engagement. These findings reveal a
                        tension in MOOC-based heritage education: Open platforms can reach global
                        audiences, yet local cultural transmission depends on sustained engagement with
                        the living communities the heritage belongs to. They also offer valuable
                        insights and lessons for digital heritage education initiatives in other
                        endangered script contexts.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The%20Naxi%20Dongba%20MOOC%3A%20A%20Test%20Case%20for%20Digital%20Revitalisation%20of%20Endangered%20Writing%20Systems&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-19&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Wang Szilas&amp;rft.aufirst=Jue&amp;rft.au=Jue%20Wang Szilas"> </span></div> 
               		
               		
               		
               <h2>Reviews</h2>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000868/000868.html">Embracing the Ghost in the Machine: A Review of
                     <cite class="italic">Thinking with AI: Machine Learning the
                        Humanities</cite> (2025)</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Agustín Cosovschi, Inštitut za Novejšo Zgodovino, Ljubljana, Slovenija</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000868en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000868en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000868en">
                        
                        Hannes Bajohr’s <cite class="italic">Thinking with AI: Machine Learning the
                           Humanities</cite> argues that humanists need to test their own concepts
                        against the new phenomena that computer science and engineering throw at
                        them.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Embracing%20the%20Ghost%20in%20the%20Machine%3A%20A%20Review%20of%20Thinking%20with%20AI%3A%20Machine%20Learning%20the%20Humanities%20(2025)&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-05-29&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Cosovschi&amp;rft.aufirst=Agustín&amp;rft.au=Agustín%20Cosovschi"> </span></div>
               			
               <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="vol/20/2/000865/000865.html"> What We Read
                     while Looking Up from the Book: A Review of <cite class="italic">The Routledge
                        Companion to Libraries, Archives, and the Digital Humanities</cite>
                     </a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">David Pruneda Senties, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract
                     <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000865en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000865en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000865en">
                        
                        This review of <cite class="italic">The Routledge Companion to Libraries,
                           Archives, and the Digital Humanities</cite>, edited by Isabel Galina
                        Russell and Glen Layne-Worthey, highlights the book’s acute representation of
                        the work performed by librarians, archivists and digital humanists. By means of
                        the thoughtful selection and organization of more than thirty chapters, the
                        editors show that libraries and archives are spaces that function because of the
                        relations between five different systems: ethical-ideological, methodological,
                        public, epistemological, and social. The review summarises each one of these
                        systems and explains how they interact to showcase the complexities of academic
                        practices such as digital preservation, digitisation, and text mining.
                        </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=What%20We%20Read%20while%20Looking%20Up%20from%20the%20Book%3A%20A%20Review%20of%20The%20Routledge%20Companion%20to%20Libraries,%20Archives,%20and%20the%20Digital%20Humanities&amp;rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&amp;rft.stitle=DHQ&amp;rft.issn=1938-4122&amp;rft.date=2026-06-05&amp;rft.volume=020&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Pruneda Senties&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=David%20Pruneda Senties"> </span></div>
               			
               			
               		
               
               	
               <h2><a href="vol/20/2/bios.html">Author Biographies</a></h2>
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