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Zheng et al. show that confidence (Type-2) judgments feature the same magnitude of computational noise as perceptual (Type-1) judgments, with important implications for the debate on whether Type-1 and Type-2 decisions are made by separate systems. DR: @dobyrahnev.bsky.social KX: @kaixue98.bsky.social

Brain rhythms may provide temporal windows for the allocation of peaks in perceptual efficiency, even if efficiency itself is not rhythmic. A reanalysis of public datasets shows rhythmicity in temporal priming supporting this view.

This study investigates how the newborn brain processes songs compared to its two components, speech and hummed melody. Newborns’ responses to speech and song were stronger in the right temporoparietal regions than activation triggered by humming.

Two experiments with preregistered replications show that observing others shifts both risk and ambiguity preferences. Risk contagion is asymmetric, with stronger alignment toward risk-averse others, whereas ambiguity contagion is more symmetric.

Rhythmic ability enhances attention and phonological processing only after surpassing a specific threshold; beyond this point, additional improvements confer no further benefit. This thresholded relationship may explain the positive impact of musical training on cognition.

We frequently richly interpret human or primate behaviour, yet find the exact same signatures of that behaviour in pigeons. This Comment argues that understanding how different animals solve complex tasks gives us better insight into how humans may be solving those same tasks and potentially avoid the theoretical pitfalls of rich interpretations.

In this study, the authors developed a large language model-based method to measure sentiment in over 600K citation sentences. They then used social identity theory to explain in-/outgroup dynamics in observed citation sentiment patterns across sociocultural and scientific groups.

Impaired self-control is linked to altered performance monitoring. In this multimodal study with 221 participants, high compulsivity predicted worse daily self-control, and ERN predicted better selfcontrol only at low impulsivity and compulsivity.

A VR street-crossing task revealed that increasing task-irrelevant scene variability simultaneously reduced crossing attempts and confidence in being able to cross successfully, and delayed crossing initiation, which was compensated by moving faster.

This study tested if perceptual and conceptual representations influence stages of memory judgments. Both perceptual and conceptual similarity impaired evidence accumulation; only conceptual similarity decreased recognition accuracy and post-decision confidence

Meta-analysis of 16 studies (n = 29,887) in low- or middle-income countries found that cash transfers improved child cognition, language, and motor skills. Conditional and “cash-plus” bundled programs outperformed cash alone for child development.

In this Comment, the authors argue that misplaced distrust leads citizens to dismiss legitimate leaders, experts, or groups. This distrust may be fueled by prejudice or misinformation, and political rhetoric and has moral and democratic consequences.

Birds of a feather flock together: Despite full knowledge that they’re chatting with an AI, humans affiliate more with LLMs that, through language, mimic their own personality traits like anxiety and extroversion.

U.S. American and Chinese respondents perceive a decades-long decline in cooperation among strangers, attributed primarily to decreasing trust and rising stress and wealth. Morality and warmth are also perceived to decline

Across an online experiment and an experience sampling study, this research shows that momentary stress is related to shifts in personality state expression, with effects that extend beyond  momentary affect alone.

Information sampling is linked to core autism symptoms. Using computational models in a costly sampling task, this study shows autistic children rely less on cumulative and historical information, resulting in variable sampling and lower efficiency.

Across 12 EU nations (N = 19,735), short prebunking videos targeting scapegoating, decontextualization, and discrediting improved older adults’ ability to discern manipulation and make wiser sharing decisions about election misinformation.

Analyzing more than 100k human ratings, we show that ambiguity resolution relies on high-level visual features. After disambiguation, the visual system shifts from top-down processing to bottom-up matching.

Across replication studies (N = 3659) cultural tightness-looseness moderates group diversity and group morality perceptions. Group diversity increased perceived group morality in loose cultural contexts, but the effect attenuated when the cultures were tight.

Using a preregistered, triplearm, single-session design, this study evaluates the mechanisms underlying alpha upregulation through EEG neurofeedback. Alpha power was non-specifically increased, pointing to spontaneous repetition-related brain dynamics.