Publications

This joint Cedefop and ETF publication examines how EU Member States and partner countries have implemented the common vocational education and training (VET) priorities set out in the Council Recommendation on VET and in the Osnabrück Declaration.

This report maps the data sources and indicators available for measuring skills demand, supply and mismatch across the European Union. It assesses which of them can support regular monitoring by the European Skills Intelligence Observatory (ESIO).

This policy brief explores how EU's shift toward climate neutrality is transforming the modern labour market and creating a surge in demand for clean technology occupations. The report uses online job ads to identify essential emerging roles.

How are chambers helping Europe tackle skills shortages and boost competitiveness? Explore 21 inspiring examples from across Europe showcasing apprenticeships, vocational education, entrepreneurship, talent development and workforce upskilling in action.

The unemployment rate across the European Union has fallen to historic lows. After years of persistent decline, the average unemployment rate is now around 6%, down from nearly 12% at its peak in 2013.

Access to enabling services is an important determinant of labour market participation and social inclusion.

This report provides a comprehensive overview of completed activities funded by the Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI) strand of the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) and their alignment with EaSI's operational objectives.

Across Europe, labour markets continue to face growing imbalances. This annual EURES report explores the situation in 2025 across EU countries, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein and Switzerland, shedding light on persistent occupational shortages and surpluses.

Apprenticeship, being particularly effective in delivering the skills and qualifications that individuals need in today’s economies and societies, has been expanding to new fields: occupations or sectors that have not typically been accessed through apprenticeship training.